![]() 4 Early investigation and diagnosis of COPD, combined with optimal Have COPD hospitalisation rates that are 3.5 times higher and COPD mortality rates 2.2 times higher, than people of Hospitalisation rates due to COPD are over five times higherįor people living in the most deprived quintile, compared to people living in the least deprived quintile. 3ĬOPD is associated with significant health disparities. People aged over 45 years has COPD, with a substantial number of additional people with undetected early-stage disease. It has been conservatively estimated that one in every 15 The exact prevalence of COPD in New Zealand is unknown. In New Zealand, following ischaemic heart disease, stroke and lung cancer. 1 It is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of death + Respiratory Foundation NZ COPD guidelines (2021) An outline of COPD essentials in primary careĬhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and an airflow limitationĬaused by noxious exposure to particles or gases. Optimal management of patients with COPD – Part 2: Stepwise escalation of treatment” and the Guidance, exacerbation management, treatment of advanced symptoms and end-of-life care is available Information on aspects of care not covered in this article such as patient education, COPD action plans, nutritional The patient develops pneumonia or if they are clinically stable without a history of recent exacerbations ![]() It is now clearer when withdrawal of ICS treatment may be beneficial, i.e.Spirometry is no longer recommended to guide the use of ICSs. A blood eosinophil count may help predict which patients with COPD are most likely to benefitįrom ICS treatment levels ≥ 0.3 x 10 9/L are associated with the greatest likelihood of benefit, levels a LABA/LAMA + an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), may be appropriate for patients who have experienced Has declined significantly or who continue to experience exacerbations, despite LAMA or LABA monotherapy Combination LABA/LAMAs are recommended for patients with persistent or troubling symptoms or whose lung function.Whereas previously LABAs were first-line with LAMAs. Of COPD long-acting beta 2-agonists (LABAs) are prescribed if LAMAs are contraindicated or not tolerated, tiotropium, glycopyrronium and umeclidinium, are now recommendedĪs the first-line long-acting bronchodilators for patients with persistent symptoms Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), e.g.Salbutamol or terbutaline, or the combination SABA/SAMA salbutamol + ipratropium ![]() The short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) ipratropium or a short-acting beta 2-agonist (SABA) either All patients with COPD should be prescribed a short-acting bronchodilator for relief of acute breathlessness, i.e.Pulmonary rehabilitation and annual influenza vaccination Non-pharmacological interventions continue to underpin COPD management, including smoking cessation, regular exercise,.In addition, Special Authority approval criteria for LABA/LAMA combinations currently require patients to be stabilised on LAMA monotherapy first, making these recommendations difficult to apply equitably in practice. However, we will await any revision of New Zealand guidelines in accordance with the GOLD 2023 report. Given these significant changes, we plan to update this article. Use of an ICS + LABA alone is now discouraged throughout COPD management unless prescribed for a concurrent diagnosis such as asthma.This supersedes previous guidance to use LAMA or LABA monotherapy first. LABA/LAMA combination treatment is now recommended as the first-line option in patients requiring a long-acting bronchodilator, including those who are more symptomatic or at high exacerbation risk.categories “C” and “D” in the “ABCD” tool are now combined into a single “E” category). This recognises the clinical relevance of exacerbations, regardless of the patient’s symptom severity (i.e. A revised “ABE” assessment tool for predicting patient outcomes and making treatment decisions.It contains a number of updated recommendations, including: The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) has released a 2023 report on the prevention, diagnosis and management of COPD.
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